Authors must present research accurately, honestly, and transparently. Fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation is strictly prohibited.

Submitted manuscripts must be original. All borrowed ideas, data, figures, and text must be properly cited. Plagiarism in any form is unacceptable.

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to another journal or publish substantially similar work in multiple journals.

All relevant publications and research data used in the manuscript must be appropriately acknowledged and cited.

Only individuals who have made substantial contributions to the research should be listed as authors. All co-authors must approve the submitted manuscript.

Authors must disclose any financial, institutional, or personal conflicts of interest that could influence the research.

Authors are responsible for promptly notifying the journal if significant errors are discovered after submission or publication.

The Editor evaluates manuscripts based on scientific quality, originality, significance, reviewer recommendations, and journal policies.

All manuscripts are evaluated solely on academic merit without discrimination based on nationality, gender, race, religion, or institutional affiliation.

Editors must maintain confidentiality throughout the editorial and peer-review process.

Editors must avoid handling manuscripts in which they have personal or professional conflicts of interest.

Editors are responsible for selecting qualified reviewers and ensuring a fair, objective, and timely peer-review process.

All manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents.

Reviews should be objective, constructive, evidence-based, and free from personal criticism.

Reviewers should identify relevant references that have not been cited and notify the editor of possible plagiarism or ethical concerns.

Reviewers must decline review assignments if any conflict of interest exists.

Reviewers should complete reviews within the agreed review period or promptly notify the editor if an extension is required.