Pemodelan keputusan jaringan analytic network process untuk risiko, daya saing, dan keberlanjutan industri hilir sawit
Abstract
Ekosistem agroindustri hilir dan manufaktur ditandai oleh saling ketergantungan yang kompleks serta adanya mekanisme umpan balik yang melibatkan variabel operasional, keandalan rantai nilai, mitigasi risiko kegagalan aset proses termal, daya saing pasar global, dan kepatuhan terhadap aspek keberlanjutan (ESG/RSPO/ISPO). Pendekatan hierarkis linear tradisional tidak memadai untuk menangkap dinamika jaringan pengambilan keputusan semacam itu. Studi ini menggunakan metode komputasi Analytic Network Process (ANP) untuk menyusun model manajemen risiko terintegrasi bagi industri hilir kelapa sawit dan oleokimia. Berdasarkan tinjauan pustaka sistematis yang mencakup teori keputusan jaringan, ketahanan rantai pasok cerdas, optimalisasi rantai nilai kelapa sawit terintegrasi, degradasi aset proses termofluida, dan keunggulan komparatif internasional, model ini diuraikan menjadi 13 sub-kriteria dominan dalam tiga klaster utama Risiko (K1), Daya Saing (K2), dan Keberlanjutan (K3) serta lima alternatif strategi manajemen (a1–a5). Proses komputasi melibatkan penyusunan *Unweighted Supermatrix*, transformasi stokastik menjadi *Weighted Supermatrix*, dan pencapaian keseimbangan konvergen melalui *Limit Supermatrix* (limk→∞ Wk). Seluruh perbandingan berpasangan menunjukkan konsistensi matematis, dengan Indeks Ketidakkonsistenan kurang dari 0,10. Sintesis prioritas global mengungkapkan bahwa Strategi Penetapan Harga dan Pemasaran (a3; 24,82%) serta Manajemen Lingkungan (a5; 24,67%) menempati peringkat sebagai strategi yang sama-sama dominan, dengan selisih tipis hanya 0,15%, diikuti oleh Diversifikasi Bisnis (a4; 20,51%), Investasi Teknologi dan Digitalisasi (a2; 17,90%), dan Penguatan Rantai Pasok (a1; 12,11%). Temuan empiris ini mengonfirmasi paradigma tekanan ganda yakni menyeimbangkan fleksibilitas komersial dan kepatuhan ekologis mutlak dalam industri hilir bernilai tambah tinggi.
References
B. Tan and N. Zhao, “Does intelligent manufacturing enhance industrial international competitiveness? Evidence from China,” Finance Research Letters, vol. 85, p. 108084, 2025.
X. Li and R. Adam, “Promoting sustainable manufacturing growth through foreign direct investment and foreign trade: Evidence from China's 28 sub-industries,” Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 20, p. 9059, 2025.
F. Chen and S. Wang, “How to reshape the international competitive advantage of Chinese manufacturing enterprises: A perspective of input servitization,” Economic Analysis and Policy, vol. 85, pp. 1197–1215, 2025.
M. Hamdouna and M. Khmelyarchuk, “Technological innovations shaping sustainable competitiveness: A systematic review,” Sustainability, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 1953, 2025.
S. Z. Y. Foong and D. K. S. Ng, “A systematic approach for synthesis and optimisation of sustainable oil palm value chain (OPVC),” South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 41, pp. 65–78, 2022.
A. D. Burmana, R. Tambun, Taslim, B. Ernst, Y. Benguerba, and Iriany, “Corrosion effects on a leakage steam control valve: Analysis and risk assessment on the biodiesel plant case study,” International Journal of Thermofluids, vol. 32, p. 101554, 2026.
M. N. I. Salehmin, S. K. Tiong, H. Mohamed, B. S. Zainal, S. S. Lim, N. H. M. Yasin, and Z. Zakaria, “Sustainable bioenergy from palm oil mill effluent: Advancements in upstream and downstream engineering with techno-economic and environmental assessment,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 133, pp. 122–147, 2024.
S. A. H. Shekarabi, R. K. Mavi, and F. R. Macau, “Supply chain resilience: A critical review of risk mitigation, robust optimisation, and technological solutions and future research directions,” Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 681–735, 2025.
H. Ghanbari, M. Shabani, E. Mohammadi, and H. Seiti, “A comprehensive bibliometric review of digitalization impacts on supply chain risk management,” Supply Chain Analytics, vol. 12, p. 100165, 2025.
T. L. Saaty, The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
S. Bicen and M. Celik, “A hybrid approach to near-miss report investigation towards next-generation safety solutions on-board ships,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 266, p. 112768, 2022.
M. Krstić, G. P. Agnusdei, P. P. Miglietta, and S. Tadić, “Evaluation of the smart reverse logistics development scenarios using a novel MCDM model,” Cleaner Environmental Systems, vol. 7, p. 100099, 2022.
T. L. Saaty, Decision Making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process. Pittsburgh: RWS Publications, 1996.
T. L. Saaty and L. G. Vargas, Decision Making with the Analytic Network Process. New York: Springer, 2006.
S. Sipahi and M. Timor, “The analytic hierarchy process and analytic network process: An overview of applications,” Management Decision, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 775–808, 2010.
J. Guo, P. Xiang, X. Wang, and Y. Lee, “Predicting and managing megaproject gray rhino risks with IF-ANP and DEMATEL based on panel data,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 208, p. 118243, 2022.
S. N. Shorabeh, M. Argany, J. Rabiei, H. K. Firozjaei, and O. Nematollahi, “Potential assessment of multi-renewable energy farms establishment using spatial multi-criteria decision analysis: A case study and mapping in Iran,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 295, p. 126318, 2021.
A. Gamal, M. Abdel-Basset, and R. K. Chakrabortty, “Intelligent model for contemporary supply chain barriers in manufacturing sectors under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 205, p. 117711, 2022.
R. Adwiyah, Y. Syaukat, D. Indrawan, and H. Mulyati, “Examining sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) performance in the palm oil industry with the triple bottom line approach,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 18, p. 13362, 2023.
V. F. Yu, A. Bahauddin, C.-L. Yang, Y. J. Wu, and R. Ekawati, “A combined approach for green supply chain management performance measurement in a steel manufacturing company: An Indonesian case,” Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, vol. 8, pp. 1140–1153, 2022.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wiky Sabardi, Ryan Pramanda, Novianda, Asyahri Hadi Nasyuha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
